Manuscript

Introduction:

The ancient Manuscript tradition of Assam refers to the practice of writing religious, philosophical, and literary texts on handmade paper or Sanchipat (the bark of the Sanchi tree). These manuscripts, which date back several centuries, are often illustrated with intricate artwork and are considered a vital part of Assam’s cultural and literary heritage. The Manuscript tradition played a central role in the preservation and dissemination of knowledge in Assam.

Description:

The tradition of manuscript writing in Assam has been an integral part of its cultural and literary history for centuries. These manuscripts were traditionally written on handmade paper or Sanchipat, which is made from the bark of the Sanchi tree (Aquilaria agallocha). The practice of creating these manuscripts was primarily associated with religious and philosophical texts, but it also included poetry, history, astrology, and other scholarly works.
The process of making Sanchipat involves careful preparation. The bark of the Sanchi tree is harvested, and then the outer layer is removed to expose the inner bark. This inner bark is then boiled, beaten, and flattened into thin sheets, which are dried and polished to create a smooth surface suitable for writing. The resulting material is durable and has been known to last for centuries, making it an ideal medium for preserving important texts.
In addition to Sanchipat, manuscripts were also written on handmade paper, which was produced using locally available fibers such as mulberry. The paper-making process involved soaking and pounding the fibers to form a pulp, which was then spread out on a flat surface and dried to create thin sheets of paper. This paper was often used for religious texts and other literary works.
The manuscripts were written using traditional ink made from natural ingredients, including plant-based dyes, soot, and minerals. The writing instruments, called "kalam," were made from bamboo or reeds. The calligraphy used in these manuscripts was highly decorative, with each letter carefully formed to create a harmonious and aesthetically pleasing composition.
One of the most distinctive features of Assamese manuscripts is the use of intricate illustrations and decorative borders. These illustrations, often depicting scenes from mythology, religious symbols, and nature, were painted using natural pigments derived from plants, minerals, and even gold. The artwork was highly detailed and added to the visual appeal of the manuscripts, making them not only valuable sources of knowledge but also works of art.
The Manuscript tradition played a crucial role in the preservation and dissemination of knowledge in Assam. Religious texts, particularly those associated with the Vaishnavite tradition, were carefully copied and distributed among monasteries and scholars. These manuscripts were considered sacred and were often stored in special containers to protect them from damage.
The GI registration of Assam’s Manuscript tradition has helped protect this ancient practice from imitation and ensured that only authentic manuscripts, made using traditional methods, can be sold under the GI tag. This has provided economic benefits to the artisans who continue to produce these manuscripts, while also helping to preserve an important part of Assam’s cultural heritage.
In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the Manuscript tradition, with scholars, collectors, and cultural institutions recognizing the historical and artistic value of these works. Efforts are being made to digitally preserve many of these manuscripts, ensuring that they can be studied and appreciated by future generations. The Manuscript tradition of Assam remains a testament to the region’s rich intellectual and artistic history, and its recognition as a GI product has helped bring attention to this important cultural asset.